U.S. Government

Example: 384 F.3d 225.

Note: When citing a case in Lexis Nexis, which displays multiple citations for the same case, it’s generally advisable to use the first listed citation. For Supreme Court Opinions, this would be the U.S. Reports. Only cite the Lawyer’s Edition if the case hasn’t been published in U.S. Reports.

Congressional Records are issued in “the Daily Edition”, and “the Permanent Edition”. Use of the Permanent Edition is advised, except for issues not yet published in it (Bluebook, 2010, p. 13). The Publication Manual of the APA does not include citing Congressional Record. The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation is used in place of the APA Manual for materials not citations not covered in the APA Manual.

Citing the Permanent Edition

In text Citation: Volume Cong. Rec. Page Number, Year. (Example: 141 Cong. Rec. 38585, 1995)

Reference List Entry: Volume Cong. Rec. Page Number (Year). (Example: 141 Cong. Rec. 38585 (1995), Or: 141 Cong. Rec. 38585 (1995) (Appointment of Senate Acting President Pro Tempore))

Note: There can be more than one entry (issue discussed) on one page of a day’s Congressional Record. A single Congressional Record citation, therefore, does not summarize all of the day’s events in Congress. For example, on the same page OF 141 Cong. Rec. 38585, 1995, there is also an entry for the Senate consideration of The Middle East Peace Facilitation Act of 1994. The citation for that would be: 141 Cong. Rec. 38585 (1995) (Consideration of The Middle East Peace Facilitation Act of 1994)

Citing the Daily Edition

Note: The Daily Edition includes the letters H, S, and E, before page numbers.

In-Text Citation: Volume Cong. Rec. Letter Page Number, Year. (Example: 161 Cong. Rec. S7224, 2015)

Reference List Entry: Volume Cong. Rec. Letter Page Number (daily ed. Date) (Title). (Example: 161 Cong. Rec. S7224 (daily ed. Oct. 7, 2015) (Consideration of Bill S. 2162, Librarian of Congress Succession Modernization Act of 2015).)

In-text Citation: Title, Year. (Example: Unconstitutionality of Obama's Executive Actions on Immigration, 2015)

Reference List: Title: Hearings before “Committee Name”, Congress, # Cong. Page (Year). (Example: Unconstitutionality of Obama’s Executive Actions on Immigration: Hearings before the Committee on the Judiciary, 114^th Cong. 202 (2015).)

Note: The page number following the Congress, “202” in the example above refers to the page number of the official pamphlet that was prepared for the hearing (APA, 2010, p.16-17).

In-Text Citation: Title, Year. (Example: Unconstitutionality of Obama's Executive Actions on Immigration, 2015)

Note: According to the APA Publication Manual, only cite the title of the hearing, not the name of the person giving the testimony.

Reference List: Title: Hearings before “Committee Name”, Congress, # Cong. Page (Year) (Testimony of "Name" (testifying in their personal capacity), Rank, Affiliation). (Example: Unconstitutionality of Obama’s Executive Actions on Immigration: Hearings before the Committee on the Judiciary, 114^th Cong. 25 (2015) (Testimony of Elizabeth Price Foley (testifying in her personal capacity), Professor, Florida International University College of Law).)

Note: The rank and affiliation of the person giving the testimony is not required.

Please see the section on “Statutes” above.

The U.S. Code arranges laws by subject, and are cited by Section instead of the page number. Section numbers are denoted by § symbol.

Format:                Title U.S.C. § Section No.

Example:             42 U.S.C. § 18001

Note: In citing the U.S. Code Annotated, it is not uncommon to have two separate years in the citation (example: “1821.2002”). The second year (2002) denotes the most current amendment to the cited section, first published in the 1821.

Important: Federal Regulations are first published in the Federal Register before being codified in the Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.). Federal regulations are therefore divided into: those published in both the Federal Register and the Code of Federal Regulations; and those published in the Federal Register but awaiting publication in the C.F.R. If the regulation hasn’t appeared in the C.F.R, cite the entry in the Federal Register. This entry will include information about when the regulation will appear in the C.F.R. Include this information at the end of your citation, in parentheses.

1. Regulations in the Federal Register but not yet published in the C.F.R.

In Text Citation: (Title (or number), Date of Publication). (Example: (Energy Efficiency and Conservation Loan Program, 2013)).

Reference List: Title (or number), Volume number Fed. Reg. Page number (to be codified at C.F.R. Parts #). (Example: Energy Efficiency and Conservation Loan Program, 78 Fed. Reg. 73355 (to be codified at C.F.R. Parts 1710, 1717, 1721, 1724, 1730).)

2. Regulations in the Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R)

In text Citation: (Title (or number), Date of Publication). (Example: (Enforcement of Nondiscrimination On The Basis Of Handicap in Programs or Activities Conducted By International Development Cooperation Agency, Agency for International Development, 2015).)

Reference List: Title, Number CFR Part.Section (Date of Publication). (Example: Enforcement of Nondiscrimination On The Basis Of Handicap in Programs or Activities Conducted By International Development Cooperation Agency, Agency for International Development, 22 CFR 219.130 (2015).)

In-Text Citation: Bill or Resolution Number, Year. (Example: H.R. 3461, 2015)

Reference List: Title (if available), Bill or Resolution Number, # Cong. (Year). (Example: Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, Signed at Vienna on July 14, 2015, Relating to the Nuclear Program of Iran, H.R. 3461, 114^th Cong. (2015).)